To help the child distinguish the different characteristics of the alphabet another table has been prepared. the functions of deacon and of a priest in the liturgy. ( . ) . Education takes place in liturgical dance schools called aqwaqwam bt and includes, in addition to singing and dancing, training in traditional instruments such as the kebero, drums, tsanatsel, sistrum, and mequamia. Rather, it is as a mnemonic. [ . ], 4. The school has a reputation for having its students promoted. This page was last edited on 29 November 2022, at 02:51. The way to the Qne bet is long and difficult. In some cases students are made to memorize the texts of the Psalms. This exercise is repeated for months or every a couple of years, until the boy knows the main prayers by heart. The few handwritten manuscripts on parchments were, and still are, very expensive. In spite of the monotony of the learning and teaching methods and the exacting length of time, the students show surprisingly high morale. Therefore, these patristic writings are not to be considered critically, but simply learnt by heart. [ . ], 16 - , 17 - = , 18 - . ( ) = , 4. 2003-Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church -, 1 - () = , 19 = , 2 () = , 20 = ( ) , 3 - , 21 = ( ) , 4 - () = , 22 = () , 5 - () = , 23 = () , 6 = , 24 = ( ) , 7 () = , 25 = ( ) , 8 = , 26 = , 9 = , 27 = ( ) , 10 = , 28 = ( ) , 11 = , 29 = ( ) - , 12 = , 30 = ( ) - , 13 = ( ) = , 31 = ( ) - , 14 = , 32 = , 15 = , 33 = ( ) - , 16 = , 34 = () - , 17 = , 35 = () - , 18 ' = ( ) . Aside from the Authoritarian tradition there is another consideration; the student is not allowed to have a critical opinion about any text to be commented upon, since it is believed that God revealed the content to the Fathers through the Holy Sprit. If he is not satisfied, he can leave the school and look for another one. The web value rate of . Some students try to attend more than one master in more than one school, in order to reach a higher level of mastering qne. Zema-Bet education in the three selected Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahido churches found in Bahir Dar city. The girls from traditional families who have attended the school usually marry before or shortly after they complete the lessons in the House of Reading. If the student has already read different books as described above, the student of the Psalms is not too difficult. Server IP address resolved: Yes Http response code: 200 Response time: 0.55 sec. The habit of memorization and the uncritical acceptance of the commentary condition the mode of thinking of the student. () = , 1. . The higher schools of the church Some of the pupils who complete the Nebab Bet join a Qedasse School, one of the schools are the liturgy. This hope is perhaps one of the motives that encourages the student to spend more that half of his life at such a school. Through history, the Ethiopian liturgical chants have undergone an evolution similar to that of European liturgical chants. Through observation or day-to-day practice and instruction by his priest-master, the boy learns the Church activities and functions of a deacon and of a priest. THE CHURCH OF ETHIOPIA A PANORAMA OF HISTORY AND SPIRITUAL LIFE Pupils need not understand the texts of these books, but they have to be able to read them well, since thee are the books read in the church service, where young boys serve as readers, deacons, and later on as priests. The student has to learn each sentence of the commentary by heart. . The students listen attentively and try to remember the comment word for word. ( ) = , 13. / [ ], 2. = , 8 - () = - - . 6 . = , 26. A teacher specialized in this branch of the liturgy teachers the Gebre Diquna and Gebre Qissina, i.e. The main courses of study are in church music, church poetry, and religious literature, each divided according to content of instruction. A graduate of the Metsehaf Bet enjoys high prestige as a scholar and can take a high post in the Church hierarchy, such as head of a monastery (Gedam) or a large church (Debre). [ . ], 30. Non-Christian families are reluctant to send their children to a Nebab bet because it is closely integrated with the church. [4] It has been suggested by Monneret de Villard that liturgical dance, that always accompanies the music, has its origins in the Ancient Egyptian dance. Addis Ababa December 1970. (Literature school) 1) The Nebab Bet The Nebab Bet, the Reading School or the "House of Reading" is the first stage of the traditional schools, where primary instruction is given. . These are the only members of the clergy who are allowed to celebrate the mass and administer sacraments. There are Qene forms or models that the student has to master in order to be able to compose the Qene poems which are sung in different sections of the liturgy of the church or used to celebrate church and state ceremonials. Theoretically, priests and monks can also be characterized as Debtera, if they have completed studies in one of the higher schools. In doing so, a mixed-method research approach with the convergent parallel design was employed. The teacher of the Qne bet is called mggabe miir, the teacher/administrator of mystery/secret/sacrament). In practice however, few fall into this category, and these few are not usually known as Debtera. Children of the clergy, who use church lands usually enter such schools in order to become deacon or priests in a church (and thus keep their church land in the hands of the family). ], 2. It is generally recognized that the most able clergy of the Church are those trained in the Qene School. Ethiopian Christian music is largely sustained by communities of descent. A student is considered ready when he has mastered the complicated genre of qen. ( ) = , 1.. 1) Nebab Bet (Reading school) , 23. With the spread of modern education and a modern school system this institution is declining. The teacher either approves and gives the student a new assignment or orders further practice on the same text. JECS is providing a platform for researchers, academicians, professionals, practitioners, and students to impart and share knowledge in the form . C) Reading the Psalms In other words, the church is successfully bridging the transition from strictly traditional scholarship to a new, dynamic era where traditional learning and modern education will blend together to ensure the continuity of Ethiopias Christian heritage in the setting of modern world. The heavy demands of cultivation and cattle tending force the parents to demand the services of their children. [ . ], 3. = What is the process of training and what is offered in the higher schools? As a next step to help him distinguish individual letters, he is led to pronounce each letter reading from right to left and then from top to bottom. . = , 26. = , 6. display: none !important; Every evening he has to memorize the daily prayers. Usually the child learns the whole set of letters in sequence by heart, so that in reality he may not be able to distinguish on letter from the other. Your email address will not be published. A student of the Nebab Bet or Qedasse Bet, who would like to join the higher schools, usually leaves his parents and joins the wandering students who travel from parish to parish and form monastery to monastery. The teacher is usually engaged in some individual work such as reading, copying a manuscript, or even doing some handwork. Wandering students usually come from farming and clerical families very few are from the higher classes. a) Fidel Instruction () = , 20. In the just completed Ethiopian year, it managed to get all its 8, 10, and 12 graders pass school leaving examinations.The School ranked 1st out of private schools in Addis Ababa and was awarded three cups as well as one big cup for being a general winner. . There are ofcourse reasons for their diligence. = , 11 - = , 12 - = , 13 - = , 14 - = , 15 - . Their functions are extending rather to teaching, writing, ritual music, poetry, dances, painting, and administration of the church. The emigrants brought their secular and liturgical music traditions with them. [12], Since the mid-1970s, large-scale emigration of Ethiopians has created a diaspora in the United States. The story or legend of the saint whose feast is to be celebrated on the next day is then narrated; this comprises the theme of the Qene composition by the students, using the vocabulary and grammar already discussed at the session. In all these schools the students must learn the material by heart. He can be permitted to teach the beginners; he can improvise qne, continue a Qne bet started by another, lecture qne but always standing, until his graduation day as qne master, and he is able to interrupt an author composing qne (KaneDic 803b). 3. 2, 117). 37 - , 1 - - ( 1 - 7 ) , 2 - , 6 - , 8 - - ( 8 - 11 ) , 9 - , 1 - .. , 2 - , 3 - , 4 - , 5 - , 6 - , 7 - , 8 - ' , 9 - , 10 - ' , 11 - , 12 - , 13 - , 14 - , 15 - , 16 - , 17 - , 18 - . This role is encouraged by the shortage of places in government schools and the consequent preference given to children who can already read and write. ( ) 1 - () = : 19 = . . = , 1. () = () ., 10 - () = , 11 - ( ) = ( ) - ., 12 - () = , 9. [ . = , 8 . . Humming at the lowest range of the male voice. Roles of Orthodox teachings. = , 12. = [ . . Theoretically, both boys and girls and members of all ethnic groups and classes are eligible to enroll in church schools. The leading teachers and scholars of the church, who are known as Debtera, are trained in the higher school. Ethiopian liturgical chant, or Zema, is a form of Christian liturgical chant practiced by the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church. The teaching highly emphasized Christian and Islamic dogma; Christian education at primary level often conducted by clergy in place of worship and major monasteries located . 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This process is known as Qutir, i.e. . . He then learns Zeamlakiye (3 verses), Wazema (5 verses). (2), - = , 8 - = , 2 - = , 9 - = , 12 - = , 7 - = [ ]. The prime function of the Nebab bet is to teach children to read religious books, practically all of which are in Geez. They are known as ararai, ezil and geeze. . = . Today children use a printed table of letters, which is glued on a single sheet of cardboard. DEBESEY() : https://youtu.be/1MXnDADblAs5. It is a one-teacher school, with instruction given by a priest or layman with church education. b) Reading lessons from religious books GUNDI WEYNI ( ) : https://youtu.be/8rKoXPaauI47. = , 12. - ., 2. If each church has one Nebab Bet, which is probably the case, then there are at least 15,000 one-teacher schools. One of the main reasons for this change is that the graduates of the church schools have lost their traditional elite status in the social order, which today particularly in the modern sector, is being occupied by those who have a modern western type of education. Generally, the approach to reality is well mixed with mythical attitudes. The main interest and purpose of the school is, however, not to develop poetic and other aesthetic interests in the child or youth, but to enable him to carry out the Church rituals. Online. ? The first type is known as Beluy. According to the Church Office there are about 15,000 churches in Ethiopia. It is accessible to students who have completed the nbab bet and, as a rule, the qddase bet. This way the group can compare its progress to know how far it had grasped the interpretation of the previous time. The students begins by learning first the simplest Qene form known as the Gubae Qana which is epigram composed of two rhyming verses. 2003-Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church -, 11 - , 6 - , 9 - ( ), 10 - ( ), 12 - , 13 - , 34 - , 35 - , 17 - , 19 . After repeating the entire book of Psalms several times using Wurdnebab, he continues reading for months, even over a year, using the Qum-Nebab reading method. }, Designed by Elegant Themes | Powered by WordPress. [5] Yared, who lived in the sixth century, represents the first known case of indigenous Ethiopian musical notation and religious music. The Qne bet student is frequently compared the hermit (mnna, from mnnn, to renounce; KaneDic 272f.) . c) Metsehaf Bet . [10], The musical notation (melekket) used for the chants, is not a typical notational system since it does not represent pitch or melody. The instruction in the Nebab bet is given in three different stages: = , 8. The wandering student expects a high position in the church hierarchy. When he has composed his Qene verse after the model assigned to him by the teacher, he then approaches the teacher, who sits for the most part of the day at a place known to all. [2] The tradition began after the sixth century and is traditionally identified with Saint Yared. The teacher or an advance student recites to the pupil sentence by sentence or verse-by-verse the standard prayer the child has to memorize. The method he uses is the chanting from and the Wurdnebab reading process. = , 28 - = . The advanced student of the Qne bet acting as assistant teacher is called zrafi, lit. In earlier times the letters were written on a roll of parchment, which the pupil carried with him. In some cases the Ethiopic catechetical book, the Aemade Mestir (Columnae Mister), particularly Mistere Sellassie (on the Trinity), is taught in Amharic. . ( = ), 001. Each Nebab Bet may have an average of 20 pupils. = , 3. Besides this, the student is attracted by the adventurous and romantic life of a begging and wondering student, about whom much is spoken and fabulous stories are told. KEYARI TARIKEY ( ): https://youtu.be/3bpkpnH9qqUiTunes: http://itunes.apple.com/album/id14481Apple Music : http://itunes.apple.com/album/id/14483. = , 21. In the Qne bet the students focus on the theory and practice of the composition of qne. = , 28. When this group leaves the teacher, another group or individual comes to read to the teacher and hears his commentary. Generally, the first epistle of St. John is used for the purpose. It is likely that Ethiopian liturgical chants have undergone an evolution similar to that of European liturgical chants. Qedasse Bet The training of the altar priest 2003-Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church -, 1. It has been expounded by the fathers of the Church both in the . When he is able to distinguish the letters he passes to the next drill known as Geez, i.e. ( ) . The educational system in Ethiopia has been profoundly molded by the past. learning by counting each letter. For this purpose scanty training suffices. To be able to carry out this further service one has to attend a higher school of the church, which should be considered an extension of the Nebab and Qedasse Bet. Moreover, having its own written language and literature it developed from very early days a tradition of ecclesiastical scholarship. = ( ) - ., 3. Modern theological colleges exist which combine traditional studies with the broader curriculum demanded in the twentieth century. The teacher first translates the sentence into Amharic and then comments on it. Its graduates become cantors of Ethiopian Orthodox (Twado) Church. In this way the historical interpretations are mixed with legendary tales and special natural events, all considered to be miracles, and even concrete phenomena are given symbolical meanings. If one misses a word or an idea, another member of the group recalls it and supplements. We shall not discuss here the historical development, but rather the educational activities of the schools, as we know them today in the country. Here the student attempts to put the letters together in a chanting form and read them as a word. . A graduate of Qene School looks for a position in a Church and serves in the choir where he composes Qene and sings, or he may take a post as a minor teacher or administrator in the Church. This timetable shows that the student does not assimilate his lesson passively it happens in other branches of traditional learning. Required fields are marked *, I'm not a robot * = , 16 - = , 9. Ethiopia is, after all, the only African country to have preserved Christianity as its religion for over a millennium and a half. = [ The large number of characters (33 in 7 orders) with the differences and irregularities of the related sets are not easily grasped by the beginner. = , 9 - ( ) = ( )- ., 10 - . The following is a typical example of a Metsehaf Bet lesson. . = , 22. After leaving the teacher each group moves apart and tries to comment on the text just as the teacher did, as much as possible word for word. Despite it's the Ethiopia Orthodox Mezmur old history and undiscovered information this topic is given a little focus and . = , 24 - .= , 25 - . Furthermore, since the instruction is considered sacred, just as prayer is, the student takes his assignment seriously. He repeats this pronunciation exercise on the same text several times. ( ) = , 2. When one of the students has mastered the hymn, he goes and sings before the teacher. Normally children start school between the ages of 5 and 7, when they are traditionally considered ready to learn. [4] Most of the Ethiopian Highlands had been Miaphysite Christian since the fourth century. b) Quene Bet and (Poetry school) Debesey/Exesabeque#Eritrea #Ethiopia #TigraiWay Zema/ : Dn Filmon Yebyo: Orthodox Tewahdo Mezmur 2021https://youtu.be/oEOuYUPqFi4Zemari Filmo Yebyo Zema. (..). = = , 27. However, in the urban centers and roadside towns the elementary church school, the Nebab Bet is flourishing as an institution to prepare pupils for Government schools, teaching young children literacy in Amharic. Zema bet ( , lit. () = , 31. The Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church has crucial role to disseminate traditional ancient educational system of Ethiopia to read Old and New Testaments in Ge'ez since Axumite period in 330 AD. A new comer must ask him for permission to attend his classes. The 46 Books of the Old Testament are studied and commented upon. Privacy-Statement . (Literature school). The main one is that the student understands the Geez language in the Qene school. The long monastic tradition dates beck to the fifth century and the significant role of monasticism in the diffusion of Christian learning during the mediaeval period has been described in an earlier chapter. . Students come to the teacher in a group of three or four, all studying the same text. We find the Nebab Bet in practically all churches and monasteries, in a number of villages and in the compounds of well-to-do landlords. It may be that church schools as a whole will take on a new impetus and play an important role in raising the general level of education of the clergy in the future. The lessons advance in this manner day after day until the student finishes the fixed text of the hymn and knows it by heart. . The Qne bet ( house of the qne) is a stage of the traditional church education in the Ethiopian OrthodoxTwahdoChurch. There are different Qne bet the main centres of learning are in Wadla (Wllo), Gong (Goggam), Wara (Damot, Goggam); Gondr (s. Admasu Gmbre 1971/72: 10). [ ], 1. = , 25. . = , 23 - . = , 29. Contact-us [6] He invented three forms of chanting. . = , 06. In turn, the knowledge of Qne bet is a precondition of the study of andmta in the mshaf bet. Traditionally, teachers in different areas select any text for reading. Written by Professor Sergew Hable Sellassie and Professor Tadesse Tamerat = , 22. When the teacher is convinced from his daily observations that his pupil had mastered the reading exercises, he lets him start to learn the reading of the Psalms. .. = , 28. Low and deep voice. : : 1. = [ . This is the general term for the School of Commentaries composed of four branches. For, in spite of the inevitable changes taking place in Ethiopia with the steady expansion of modern secular education in the present century, church schools still play an active part in the Ethiopian educational scene. In the afternoon the session or Gubae takes place again. It should be noted that the Church is fully aware of the necessity to train its own future leaders in such a way that they will fulfill their role in modern society. There is a large concentration of qualified priests (qes) and musicians (dbtra) in Washington, D.C. The student strains his power of expression to construct the Qene verses in a vivid, enigmatic manner or to express his experience in social life in connection with biblical stories, visions, and legendary events. The last branch of the Metsehaf Bet is the Menekosat, the School of Commentaries on monastic literature. Despite hardships during the time of studies, many students hope for a good position in the Church, where the masters of qne have always been greatly appreciated. .hide-if-no-js { Nibezhu ( 3 long verses), Sellassie ( 6 verses), Zeyieze ( 5 or 6 verses), Kibryieti ( 4 verses), Itane Mogar ( 7 or 11 verses) and Mewadis ( 8 verses). However, in rural districts, parents generally discouraged the education of girls, since their function is to be housewives, and for this role no formal education is felt to be necessary. The Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church Home English Franais Deutsch Oriental Church Music Photo Gallery Video Links Calendar = = 2003-Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church -About-us . 2003-Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church -, 1. / eathebook ! What is the process of learning the letters? a) Fidel (Alphabets) Instruction ], 8. He is thus able to analyse the qne composed by other experts and thus learn the composition skills in greater depth. () = , 3. It is difficult to estimate the number of Nebab Bet in the country or to evaluate the school population involved. 2003-Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church - About-us . Zema-Bet education in the three selected Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahido churches found in Bahir Dar cit y. The Journal of Ethiopian Church Studies (JECS) is a high-quality peer-reviewed research journal that is published under the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahido Church Research Institute (EOTCRI) once a year. = , 14. . He has the opportunity to discuss the theme given, which challenges his intellect. memorization. The following illustration may make this clear. . [10], Ethiopian Orthodox Christians form approximately 43.5% of the population of modern day Ethiopia. Last Checked: 01/18/2023. The next day the student looks for a secluded place and meditates on his composition. A teacher specialized in Qedasse or the Mass is to be found in practically all the main churches. The Qne bet teachers say that once the student has been taught the way of right thinking, he attains a position to express himself or to criticize oth- ers views. and hunter (adda), because he leaves everything, even his native village and relatives, in order to study qnepoetry (nbaqom Qal Wld in PICES 3, vol. The church school system has the following divisions: The work of the day is first reviewed, in which a lively discussion is usually generated. The expressions are vividly illustrated with parables, analogies, proverbs, and popular wisdom. When the pupil is able to read a text, he starts a new lesson known in Amharic as Yemata Timhirt, i.e. Most studies conclude that there has been impressive consistency since the 1500s. 1 = . It is also an occasion of joy for the family, and the parents usually organize a feast to mark the event. This is particularly important for those students who plan to continue on the higher learning, since passages from the Psalms are used frequently in the hymns and poems of the church. He may be called upon to read and write letters. . One important reason memorization is so stressed all through the Church Schools is that writing materials were traditionally not well developed. [6], Students of Ethiopian liturgical chants study the Ge'ez language, and begin practicing singing in childhood. ( .. ) ()= , 20. c) Metsehaf Bet which again have different subdivisions. However, Ethiopian Churches in smaller communities face challenges in maintaining the liturgical cycle and musical tradition. In the student an aesthetic interest is developed, or at least awakened. , + " " 13 - ( ) = . = [ .. ], 3. The related musical notation is known as melekket. In the evening the pupils come to the house of the teacher, which is also at the same time the school itself All stand around the teacher while the lesson is given. . = , 08. He is credited for inventing the zema of the Church; the chant that has been in use continuously for the last almost 1500 years. The Qne bet ( 'house of the qne') is a stage of the traditional church education in the Ethiopian Orthodox Twahdo Church.It follows upon the nbab bet, the zema bet, the qddase bet and precedes the mshaf bet.In the Qne bet the students focus on the theory and practice of the composition of qne.The Qne bet student is frequently compared the hermit (mnna, from . [ ], 3 - = , 4 - . Ethiopianorthodox.org The Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church. 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To read religious books GUNDI WEYNI ( ) =, 22 all ethnic groups and classes eligible... Different areas select any text for reading and musical tradition the only African country to have preserved Christianity as religion. The mass is to teach children to a Nebab bet is given a little and... Reading process students focus on the theory and practice of the Qne bet acting as assistant teacher is zrafi... After the sixth century and is traditionally identified with Saint Yared = = Orthodox..., few fall into this category, and still are, very expensive of their children to each... In church music Photo Gallery Video Links Calendar = = 2003-Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo church -, 1.. ). Because it is accessible to students who have completed the nbab bet and, as a rule, first. Spend more that half of his life at such a school such as reading, copying a,! Well-To-Do landlords the letters were written on a roll of parchment, which challenges his intellect combine studies! 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