The law provides that foreigners may be required to furnish bail as a condition of release on provisional liberty status, while Algerian citizens may be released on provisional liberty without posting bail. The law also bans political party ties to nonpolitical associations and regulates party financing and reporting requirements. The law does not extend antidiscrimination protections to LGBTI persons based on of sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, or sex characteristics. The penal code prohibits the detention of suspects in any facilities not designated for that purpose and declared to the local prosecutor, who has the right to visit such facilities at any time. The government may restrict strikes on a number of grounds, including economic crisis, obstruction of public services, or the possibility of subversive actions. The UN LOCODE page for Algeria lists locations in the country, some of them with their latitudes and longitudes, some with their ISO 3166-2 codes for their subdivisions. The law does not place significant restrictions on voter registration, but implementation of voter registration and identification laws proved inconsistent and confusing during past elections. Coordinator for the Arctic Region; Civilian authorities generally maintained effective control over the security forces. )refined petroleum consumption: 450,500 bbl/day (2019 est. The CNDH has budget autonomy and the constitutional responsibility to investigate alleged human rights abuses, officially comment on laws proposed by the government, and publish an annual report. NGOs also indicated that some migrants were denied treatment at healthcare facilities. Algeria uses five-digit postal codes. provinces. The Government of Algeria in 1988 instituted a multi-party system in response to public unrest, but the surprising first round success of the Islamic Salvation Front (FIS) in the December 1991 legislative elections led the Algerian army to intervene and postpone the second round of elections to prevent what the secular elite feared would be an extremist-led government from assuming power. )$71.796 billion (31 December 2019 est. )imports of goods and services: -35.8% (2017 est. The government affirmed there were 101 registered trade unions and employers organizations. Several opposition political parties claimed voter turnout figures were inflated and that the results were fraudulent. Corruption throughout the government stemmed largely from a lack of transparent oversight. In nonfelony cases and in cases of individuals held on charges of terrorism and other subversive activities that exceed a 12-day period plus any authorized extension, the law calls for the release of suspects on provisional liberty, referred to as judicial control, while awaiting trial. Opposition parties from across the political spectrum criticized the new law for creating a more complex process for qualifying for the ballot, as well as for establishing an electoral monitoring body whose members would be appointed by the president and parliament, which is controlled by a coalition headed by the presidents party. The government maintained two regional womens shelters and was building three additional shelters. Algrienne, Biskra *, Khenchela, Tebessa, Touggourt *, An Sefra *, Geryville *, Mecheria *, Sada, Alger, Aumale, Blida, Mda, Miliana, Orlansville, Tizi-Ouzou, Batna, Bne, Bougie, Constantine, Guelma, Philippeville, Stif, Mascara, Mostaganem, Oran, Sidi Bel Abbs, Tiaret, Tlemcen. )forest: 0.8% (2018 est. After Frances defeat in the Franco-German War, settlers felt they could finally gain more land. Algeria has struggled to develop non-hydrocarbon industries because of heavy regulation and an emphasis on state-driven growth. The law provides for criminal penalties of two to 10 years in prison for official corruption, but the government did not fully implement the law. Government officials did not take measures specifically to prevent discrimination against LGBTI persons. Fekhar was released shortly thereafter, two years after his initial arrest. As a result, officials suspended six individuals. The law defines defamation as any allegation or imputation of a fact offending the honor or consideration of a person, or of the body to which the fact is imputed. The law does not require that the fact alleged or imputed be false or that the statement be made with malicious intent to damage another individuals reputation. See the Department of StatesTrafficking in Persons Reportatwww.state.gov/j/tip/rls/tiprpt/. Fighting escalated into an insurgency, which saw intense violence from 1992-98, resulting in over 100,000 deaths many attributed to indiscriminate massacres of villagers by extremists. further divided into subdivisions, which in turn were divided into cercles (circles). Foreign observers from the African Union, Organization of Islamic Cooperation, and Arab League characterized the elections as largely well organized and conducted without significant problems on election day. equivalence between arrondissements and subdivisions. The law requires that workers obtain government approval to form a union, and the Ministry of Labor must approve or disapprove a union application within 30 days. On 2014-10-29, ISO 3166-2 made the same spelling change. By law workers may strike only after 14 days of mandatory conciliation or mediation. There is no single office charged with this task, but all labor inspectors are responsible for enforcing laws regarding child labor. President of the Constitutional Council Mourad Medelci announced voter participation in the elections was just under 51 percent, a sharp drop from the slightly more than 74 percent turnout during the previous presidential election in 2009. The majority of the ministrys programs for children with disabilities remained in social centers for children with disabilities rather than in formal educational institutions. transferred from Sada to Oran. Later marriages and a preference for smaller families are attributed to increases in women's education and participation in the labor market; higher unemployment; and a shortage of housing forcing multiple generations to live together. WebDeputy Secretaries of State. The court appearance of suspects in terrorism cases is public. [3] Fifth United Nations Conference on the Standardization of Geographical Names, Vol. Of the daily printed publications, the ministry stated six were state-operated. The average woman's age at first marriage increased from about 19 in the mid-1950s to 24 in the mid-1970s to 30.5 in the late 1990s. The Ministry authorized the import of only 350 copies ofJeune Afriquefor delivery to various institutions. The information collected is used to assist the government in developing targeted programs to support and protect women in vulnerable situations, including violence. Women may own businesses, enter into contracts, and pursue careers similar to those of men. In all other criminal cases, pretrial detention may not exceed four months. )from coal and metallurgical coke: 352,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est. U.S. imports from Algeria grew from $4.7 billion in 2002 to $10.8 billion in 2005, primarily in oil and liquefied natural gas (LNG). Organizations wishing to initiate regular publications must obtain authorization from the government. The Ministry of Interior may deny a license to or dissolve any group regarded as a threat to the governments authority or to public order, and on several occasions failed to grant, in an expeditious fashion, official recognition to NGOs, associations, religious groups, and political parties. Financial Disclosure: The law stipulates that all elected government officials and those appointed by presidential decree must declare their assets the month they commence their jobs, if there is substantial change in their wealth while they are in office, and at the end of their term. )carbon dioxide emissions: 150.01 megatons (2016 est. Press and Media Freedom: The National Agency for Publishing and Advertising (ANEP) controls public advertising for print media. )note: data are in 2017 dollars, 7.23% (2021 est. Muslim (official; predominantly Sunni) 99%, other (includes Christian, Jewish, Ahmadi Muslims, Shia Muslims, Ibadi Muslims) <1% (2012 est.). )methane emissions: 49.94 megatons (2020 est. According to the ministry, there were 14 accredited foreign press agencies reported during the year. Several hundred international election observers from the United Nations, Arab League, African Union, and Organization of Islamic Cooperation monitored voting. Defendants have the right to be present during their trial but may be tried in absentia if they do not respond to a summons ordering their appearance. Tamanrasset Algerian state of Arab, its capital is the city of Tamanrasset, occupies the first place among the states of Algeria in Human rights activists said police sometimes used excessive force against suspects, including protestors. WebAccording to a 2018 report by the IOM, Algeria has expelled 35,600 Nigeriens to Niger since 2014more than 12,000 in 2018as well as more than 8,000 migrants from other African tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List Algeria does not fully meet the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking but is making significant efforts to do so; the government made key achievements during the reporting period, therefore Algeria was upgraded to Tier 2 Watch List; authorities identified more trafficking victims, increased investigations and prosecutions, while continuing to convict traffickers; Algeria partnered with international organizations to train officials and conduct public awareness campaigns; however, government identification of and services for victims remained insufficient; authorities continued to punish some potential victims for unlawful acts traffickers compelled them to commit (2022)trafficking profile: human traffickers exploit domestic and foreign victims; Algerian women and girls are vulnerable to sex trafficking due to financial problems or after running away from home; undocumented sub-Saharan migrants are vulnerable to labor and sex trafficking and are exploited in restaurants, houses, and informal worksites; sub-Saharan men and women needing more funds for their onward journey to Europe work illegally in construction and commercial sex and are vulnerable to sex trafficking and debt bondage; foreign women and girls, mainly from sub-Saharan Africa, are subject to sex trafficking in bars and informal brothels; criminal begging rings that exploit sub-Saharan African migrant children are common and reportedly increasing (2022), total population growth rate v. urban population growth rate, 2000-2030, Children under the age of 5 years underweight, International law organization participation, Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income, Household income or consumption by percentage share, Civil aircraft registration country code prefix, Military and security service personnel strengths, Military equipment inventories and acquisitions, Refugees and internally displaced persons, Center for the Study of Intelligence (CSI). The law protects union members from discrimination or dismissal based on their union activities. 2018 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices: Algeria, An official website of the United States Government. SNAPAP and other independent unions faced government interference throughout the year, including official obstruction of general assembly meetings and police harassment during sit-in protests. According to the Ministry of Justice, approximately 12 percent of the prison population was in pretrial detention. The CNDH had presented its first draft report to President Bouteflika, but the report had not been made public by years end. FIPS 10-4 Change Notice 12, dated 2007-06-11, showed the new provinces. ), total subscriptions: 4,784,306 (2020 est. )exports of goods and services: 23.6% (2017 est. A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. phonetics. 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